2023年5月22日 星期一

VirtualBox , Ubuntu server + Ubuntu desktop 安裝紀錄

VirtualBox , Ubuntu server + Ubuntu desktop 安裝紀錄



1) VirtualBox (我的主機是Win11)
VirtualBox 7.0.8 Windows hosts ISO: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads


1.1) install VirtualBox 7.0.8 Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack

1.2) install guest addition in ubuntu client:

check guest addition is installed ok:
$ lsmod | grep vboxguest
vboxguest             434176  7 vboxsf

Win11 用 ipconfig check wifi IP - 192.168.x.xxx (e.g. change to 192.168.x.x as static IP), set up wifi as bridge adapter (網路設定成橋接介面卡)


2) VirtualBox 建立新的 Ubuntu Server 教學:

手動設定固定 IP:
sudo netplan generate
sudo pico /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml (更改成 fix ip)

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: no
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      addresses: [192.168.x.x/24]
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]

Windows 11 固定IP設定方式

家中Router 設定 DDNS (我由約 2000年已使用 noip.com ...)

2.1) after ubuntu server setup:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Taipei
hostnamectl set-hostname xxx.no-ip.com

sudo apt install cockpit
sudo systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
sudo systemctl status cockpit.socket

Access cockpit thru:
https://192.168.x.x:9090/

ping -c 5 www.google.com 
ifconfig
ip a
sudo service ssh status

2.2) 安裝LAMP Server and phpmyadmin
sudo apt purge phpmyadmin
sudo apt install phpmyadmin
sudo service apache2 restart

2.3) install ubuntu desktop on ubuntu server
sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt install lightdm
Install google browser
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

3) 建立wordpress

Google Blogger部落格文章搬家到WordPress:

Manual upgrade for WordPress:
tar -zxvf wordpress-6.2.2-zh_TW.tar.gz
rm -r wp-content  (delete this folder) in the .gz file
sudo cp -r wordpress /var/www/

3.1) 部落格搬家麻煩的事, 搬 blog 總有大大小小怪問題，例如不是全部相片下載到 server，那麼如果用作備份還可，相片的連結仍是 blogger 可見。
登入: mysql -u root -p
mysql>use wordpress;
mysql>select * from wp_options limit 2;
option_name option_value
siteurl http://192.168.x.x
home http://xxx.no-ip.com
mysql>exit

修改配置文件 replace local url by 域名 url :
mysql>UPDATE wp_options SET option_value = replace(option_value, 'http://192.168.x.x', 'http://xxx.no-ip.com') WHERE option_name = 'home';

WordPress內外網同時訪問問題解決方法:
amend /var/www/wordpress/wp-includes/option.php:

家中 Router 需要 port forward 80/443至 ubuntu server ip.

3.2) 想起廿多年前用Linux Fedora 架站後，試過 lifetype (官方已結束維護)，工貿署2013年為中小企推廣 Joomla! 建網站，在網上找到:
我好像 2005年剛出已用過功能全面的 Joomla 建設網誌。所以，又嘗試它。

建立Joomla 4.3.1:


4) enable SSL (http to https)
e.g. self-signed certificate
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -days 3650 -nodes \
  -keyout example.key -out example.crt 

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 3650 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/xxx.no-ip.com.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/xxx.no-ip.com.crt


create 000-default.conf for <VirtualHost *:80> and xxx.no-ip.com-ssl.conf for <VirtualHost *:443> (refer step 6):
cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/xxx.no-ip.com-ssl.conf
sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo a2ensite xxx.no-ip.com-ssl.conf
Enable/Disable your site config using sudo a2ensite {name} or sudo a2dissite {name}.
sudo systemctl restart apache2

sudo apache2ctl -S to check if :80 :443 is enabled

OR (Let's Encrypt, this is work in browser)
Install SNAP and Let's Encrypt using CERTBOT

5) share folder in VirtualBox 

mkdir temp
/home/<admin>/temp
sudo mount -t vboxsf  分享資料夾名稱   掛載路徑
sudo mount -t vboxsf [sourcedir] /home/[admin]/[destdir]

Auto mount at startup example:

As root (i.e. sudo) Go to home folder and create a cron file:
sudo pico cronjobs; Add the following and save file
@reboot sleep 15; mount -t vboxsf temp /home/ubuntuadmin/temp

To enable your cron as root (for above filename)
crontab cronjobs

Make sure cron is active:
crontab -l

6) share folder using webdav ; setup davfs to allow webDAV, and WebDAV with user authentication

matthew is the user id to login webdav:
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/webdav.passwords matthew

sudo pico /etc/apache2/sites-available/xxx-no-ip.com-ssl.conf:
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        ServerName xxx.no-ip.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress
        Alias /webdav /var/www/webdav
        <Location /webdav>
         Options Indexes
         DAV On
                  AuthType Basic
                  AuthName "webdav"
                  AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/webdav.password
         Require valid-user
        </Location>
        
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/xxx.no-ip.com.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/certs/xxx.no-ip.com.key
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

sudo pico /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress
        Alias /webdav /var/www/webdav
        <Location /webdav>
         Options Indexes
         DAV On
                  AuthType Basic
                  AuthName "webdav"
                  AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/webdav.password
         Require valid-user
        </Location>
        
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

/etc/davfs2/davfs2.conf
sudo pico /etc/davfs2/secrets 

7)在 ubuntu server 設定 防火牆 ufw firewall

sudo apt install ufw
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing

根據自己需要，例如：  Web server可開啓 port 80 等。
sudo ufw allow 80

設定好可以指令令其生效。
sudo ufw enable

檢視現有設定可用這:
sudo ufw status numbered
sudo ufw status verbose
sudo ufw reset (if need delete)

8) NextCloud install

mysql -u root -p
CREATE USER 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'passw@rd';
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;

cd /var/www/
sudo wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip
sudo unzip latest.zip
sudo rm -rf latest.zip
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/

sudo -u www-data php occ  maintenance:install --database \
"mysql" --database-name "nextcloud"  --database-user "nextcloud" --database-pass \
"passw@rd" --admin-user "admin" --admin-pass "admin123"
wait and after completed, Nextcloud was successfully installed

add domain and set pretty and shorter URLs remove the "index.php” part in all Nextcloud URLs. 
sudo pico /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php
  'trusted_domains' =>
  array (
    0 => 'localhost',
    1 => 'yyy.no-ip.com',     
  ),

  'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/',

config ssl like step 4 and 6:
sudo pico /etc/apache2/sites-available/yyy.no-ip.com-ssl.conf

HTTP Strict Transport Security, which instructs browsers not allow any connection to the Nextcloud instance using HTTP, it prevents man-in-the-middle attack.
<VirtualHost *:443>
  ServerName yyy.no-ip.com

    <IfModule mod_headers.c>
      Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains"
    </IfModule>

 </VirtualHost>


9) antivirus - ClamAV / Clamtk


After install, get latest signatures of virus:
sudo freshclam

sudo mkdir temp/archive  (for moving infected file to a specified location)

To scan the whole system (need a while):

clamscan -r --infected --move=temp/archive --exclude-dir="^/sys" /



10) 遙遠登入 virtualbox client

用另一台電腦登入 我的Win11 主機(192.168.x.x)，利用微軟的 (remote desktop， port default 3389) 便可。

而在 Virtualbox client display 頁設定 3390-4000 任何一個port(例:我用 3390)，剔選enable server。


在Win11 主機的 firewall 新增此 port 的 inbound traffic。

那麼， 用另一台電腦 RDP
192.168.x.x:3390

便見到我 Ubuntu client 的登入画面了。

後記:
如果起 Server, 自動 down, up vm 會是關鍵動作，因我用 win11， 那使用 task scheduler 便能達成。
我將 action 放在 .bat 再令 scheduler在 boot 機時運行它。

另外，我每週設定定時一次 reboot 可用
shutdown -r (會在一分鐘內重開機)。

参考這篇，而不要使用 login 後的 startup folder。


另外，網上見到香港朋友 Toby Chiu 的大作AroZos, 只需用 URL 便可控制聽歌看片分享檔案，功能強大，稍後作另文介紹安裝方法。


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